替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象:名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代;同理,替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。此外还有状语的替代。
一、名词性替代
用名词性替代词one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。
1.名词性替代词
例1:The child doesn’t like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book)
例2:His novel is a bad one for children. (one = novel)
2.某些不定代词
在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如all, both, some, any, enough, several, none, many, much, more, (the ) most, (a) few, another, the other, others, either等。例如:
I don't want any more food. I’ve had enough.
3. one 和 ones是最常见的替代词
one的复数形式是ones.one 和ones作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词, 不可用来替代不可数名词。例如:
1)The grey horse is stronger than the black one.
2)The new design is much better than the old ones.
4.名词性物主代词mine,yours
名词性物主代词mine, yours等可用来代替my +名词,your +名词等,例如:
“Whose is that coat?” “It’s mine.”
二、动词性替代
用动词替代词do,do so等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。
1.谓语的替代形式
do是谓语的替代形式,有时态和人称的变化。例如:
1)Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example.
2)John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.
2.由do,so等组成的复合替代形式
(1)“so +助动词+主语”。例如:
“Mary will enter the university in September.” “So will Joan.”
(2)“so +主语+助动词”。例如:
“I’ve been to Beijing.” ”So you have.”
注:这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人,否则应像“so +助动词+主语”的结构一样,主谓要倒装。
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