动态性动词与静态性动词(2)
Dynamic Verb and Static Verb
(2)动态性动词大多可用于祈使句(Imperative Sentence),静态性动词则不可。例如:
20)Keep the house clean and tidy!
(要保持房子整齐清洁!)
21)Own the house!(Impossible)
22)Do as your father does.
(照你父亲那样做。)
23)Resemble your father.(Impossible)
动词have作动态性动词用,可用于祈使句,例如:
24)a.Have some tea!
b.Drink some tea!
(请喝点茶!)
smell当动态性动词用,表示感觉行为,可用于祈使句;当静态性动词用,表示感觉表现,不可用于祈使句,例如:
25)a.Smell this meat.Does it smell bad?
b.Take/Have a smell at this meat.Does it give/have a bad smell?
(闻一闻这块肉,看它有没有坏味道?)
动词当作动态性动词用于祈使句中,往往表达的是原义。当作静态性动词,往往含有引伸义,但不用于祈使句。试以hold为例:
26)a.Hold the handle very firmly.
b.Grasp the handle!very firmly.
(请紧紧抓住这个把手。)
27)a.Hold your head up!
b.Keep your head up!
(仰着脑袋!)
28)a.Plato held(the view)that the soul is immortal.
b.Plato believed/thought that the soul is immortal.
(柏拉图认为灵魂是不朽的。)
(3)动态性动词可用于内嵌句(Embeded Sentence)中,即充当V+sb.+to do sth.结构中的复合宾语(Complex Object)部分的to do;而静态性动词不可。例如:
29)a.I told him to abandon his attempt.
b.He was told to abandon his attempt.
(我叫他放弃尝试。)
30)a.I told him not to hit a man when he was down.
b.He was told not to hit a man when he was down.
(我叫他不要乘人之危。)
31)I told him to act as an interpreter.
(我叫他充当译员。)
32)I told him to look like an interpreter.
(Impossible)
33)I told him to keep the house.
(我叫他管理这个家。)
34)I told him to possess the house.
(Impossible)
(4)动态性动词可用于带有do代词形式的假拟分裂句(Pseudo-cleft Sentence with Do Pro-form)中;静态性动词则不可。例如:
35)What I did was(to)solve the problem.
(我所做的事情是去解决这个问题。)
36)What I did was to know the problem.
(Impossible)
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