（4）动词see和hear的否定被动形式，表示“不能见性”（invisibility）和“不可听性”（inaudibility），也可以用相应的形容词invisible和inaudible来表达，例如：
 21）a．The aircraft got smaller and smaller in the distance until it could no longer be seen by the people on the ground．
 b．The aircraft got smaller and smaller in the distance until it was no longer visible to the people on the ground．
 c．The aircraft got smaller and smaller in the distance until it became invisible to the people on the ground．
 （那飞机显得越来越小，直到地面上的人们再也看不见它了。）
 22）a．In the universe there are a lot of stars that can't be seen by the naked eye．
 b．In the universe there are a lot of stars that are invisible to the naked eye．
 （宇宙间有许许多多肉眼看不见的星星。）
 23）a．The speaker could be heard only with difficulty．
 b．The speaker was scarcely audible．
 b．The speaker was almost inaudible．
 （这讲话的人让人听得费劲。）
 24）a．This ultrasonic sound can't be heard by the human ear．
 b．This ultrasonic sound is inaudible to the human ear．
 （这种超声波人耳是听不见的。）
 

（5）动词 see／hear／find的被动形式，有时表示“存在”（existence）的意思，相当于“There＋be”结构，例如：
 25）a．You can see a man standing near the gate．
 b．A man can be／is seen standing near the gate．
 c．There is a man standing near the gate．
 （有个人站在大门附近。）
 26）a．People heard an explosion in the vicinity．
 b．An explosion was heard in the vicinity．
 c．There was an explosion in the vicinity．
 （人们听到附近有爆炸的声音。）
 27）a．You can find a lot of coal in this area．
 b．A lot of coal can be／is found in this area．
 c．There is a lot of coal in this area．
 （这个地区有许多煤。）
 28）a．You can find some stamps in that drawer．
 b．Some stamps can be／are found in that drawer．
 c．There are some stamps in that drawer．
 （那抽屉里有一些邮票。）
 29）a．You can find pine-trees in most European countries．
 b．Pine-trees can be／are found in most European countries．
 c．There are pine-trees in most European countries．
 （大多数欧洲国家都有松树。）
 

（6）这类动词中，see， watch， notice， observe， feel后面可跟复合宾语，主要用于 V＋ sb．＋ do sth．和 V＋sb．＋doing sth．两种句型中。前一种句型的复合宾语是非进行时态的，表示在一般时间内全过程的动作或已完成的动作；后一种句型的复合宾语是进行时态的，表示在一特定时刻正在进行而尚未完成的动作，或在一段时间内连续重复的动作，例如：
 30）a．I saw them cross the river yesterday afternoon．（＝ I saw them reach the other side．）
 （昨天下午我看见他们过了河。）
 b．I saw them crossing the river when I passed by at four yesterday afternoon．
 （＝ I didn't know if they reached the other side．）
 （昨天下午四点钟我路过时，看见他们正在过河。）
 31）a．I heard him play the violin the whole afternoon．
 （整个下午我听见他都在拉小提琴。）
 b．I heard him playing the violin when I passed by his room．
 （我经过他的房间时，听见他正在拉小提琴。）
 32）a．I heard a door slam．
 （我听见砰的关门声。）
 b．I could hear a door slamming．
 （我听见门砰砰作响。）
 33）a．He felt the house shake during the earth- quake．
 （地震时他感到房子摇动。）
 b．He felt the house shaking when he went to bed at ten last night．
 （昨晚十点钟他上床睡觉时，感到房子在摇晃。）
 34）a．We watched the children play in the gar- den all the morning．
 （整个上午我们看着孩子们在花园里玩耍。）
 b．We watched the children playing in the garden when I arrived．
 （我们到达时看到孩子们正在花园里玩耍。）
 35）a．I noticed the guest leave his home yesterday afternoon．
 （昨天下午我看到这个客人从他家走了。）
 b．I noticed the guest leaving his home when I passed by．
 （我路过时看到那个客人正在告辞。）
 c．I noticed the guests leaving his home one by one．
 （我看到客人们正一个接一个向他告辞。）
 36）a．The policeman observed the man open the window of the shop．
 （那警察窥看到这个人撬开了商店的窗户。）
 b．The policeman observed the man opening the window of the shop．
 （那警察看着这个人在撬商店的窗户。）
 这类动词中的taste后面不能跟复合宾语，而smell后跟复合宾语，只能用 V＋ sb．＋ doing sth．句型，例如：
 37）a．He smelt something burn in the kitchen．（Impossible）
 b．He smelt something burning in the kitchen．
 （他闻到厨房里有烧糊东西的气味。）
 这类动词中，只有see，hear和observe具有被动形式，其余的动词没有相应的被动形式，例如：
 38）a．I saw him come up the street．
 b．He was seen to come up the street．
 （我看见他沿街走来。）
 39）a．I saw him coming up the street．
 b．He was seen coming up the street．
 （我看见他正沿街走来。）
 40）a．The policeman observed the man enter the bank together with a woman．
 b．The man was observed to enter the bank together with a woman．
 （警察看到这男人跟一个女人一起走进银行。）
 41）a．The policeman observed the man trying to force the lock of the door at midnight．
 b．The man was observed trying to force the lock of the door at midnight．
 （半夜时那警察看到这个人在撬商店的门锁。）
 有些动词，如 catch， find，也可后跟复合宾语，但只用于 V＋ sb．＋ doing sth．句型，例如：
 42）a．We caught the thief stealing．
 b．The thief was caught stealing．
 （我们抓住这个在作案的小偷。）
 43）a．I found her cooking in the kitchen．
 b．She was found cooking in the kitchen．
 （我见她在厨房里做饭。）
 此外，动词see，watch，hear后跟复合宾语，还可用于 V＋sth．＋ done和 V＋ sth．＋ being done句型，例如：
 44）a．He saw the visiting team beat his team．
 b．He saw his team beaten by the visiting team．
 c．He saw his team beaten．
 （他看到自己的队被客队击败。）
 45）a．He saw the visiting team beating his team．
 b．He saw his team being beaten by the visiting team．
 c．He saw his team being beaten．
 （他看到自己的队正被客队击败。）
 46）a．They watched the visiting team beat their team．
 b．They watched their team beaten by the visiting team．
 c．They watched their team beaten．
 （他们看着他们的队被客队击败。）
 47）a．They watched the visiting team beating their team．
 b．They watched their team being beaten by the visiting team．
 c．They watched their team being beaten．
 （他们看着他们的队正被客队击败。）
 48）a．She heard some people speak English．
 b．She heard English spoken by some people．
 c．She heard English spoken．
 （她听到有人讲英语。）
 49）a．She heard some people speaking English．
 b．She heard English being spoken by some people．
 c．She heard English being spoken．
 （她听见有人正在讲英语。）