3)感觉痛苦型动词:
感觉痛苦型动词是一类特殊的动态性动词,本身具有延续概念,可用进行时态表示,但不用于祈使句中。
A.感觉能力型动词:
感觉能力型动词表示人的视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和感觉能力,即“能看到”、“能听到”、“能闻到”、“能尝出”和“能感到”的意思;也表示人感受外界事物刺激的状态,即“看到”、“听到”、“闻到”、“尝出”和“感到”的意思。这种动词表示的是一种“内在感觉”(inner perception)。表示视觉的动词主要是see,find,notice等;表示听觉的动词是hear;表示嗅觉的动词是smell;表示味觉的动词是taste;表示感觉的动词是feel。下面分别叙述这类动词的特点:
(1)这类动词既表示感觉能力,又表示感觉状态,而两者意思往往是相同的,因此可以用can see/see和could see/saw等表达,例如:
1)a.Can you see the house over there?
b.Do you see the house over there?
(你看见那边的那所房子吗?)
2)a.I can see the sea from my bedroom window.
b.I see the sea from my bedroom window.(我从卧室的窗户可以看见大海。)
3)a.When you get to the end of the street,you can see a supermarket.
b.When you get to the end of the street,you'll see a supermarket.
(你走到这条街的尽头就能看见一个超级市场。)
4)a.I could see someone through the window.
b.I saw someone through the window.(我从窗户看见有一个人。)
5)a.I could hear a knocking at the door. b.I heard a knocking at the door.
(我能听见有人敲门。)
6)a.He spoke so loudly that even those who sat at the back could hear him clearly.
b.He spoke so loudly that even those who sat at the back heard him clearly.
(他讲话声音很大,连那些坐在最后排的人也能听清楚。)
7)a.Can you smell something unusual?
b.Do you smell something unusual?
(你闻出有点不寻常的气味吗?)
8)a.Can you taste anything strange in this soup?
b.Do you taste anything strange in this soup?
(你尝出汤里有点怪味道吗?)
9)a.I could feel my heart beating wildly.
b.I felt my heart beating wildly.
(我当时感到心跳得很厉害。)
(2)这类动词表示一种能力或状态,因而没有进行时态,例如:
10)a.I can see a tree in front of the house.
b.I see a tree in front of the house.
c.I am seeing a tree in front of the house.(Impossible)
(我看得见房前有一棵树。)
11)a.I could hear someone laughing.
b.I heard someone laughing.
c.I was hearing someone laughing.(Impossible)
(我当时听见有人哈哈大笑。)
12)a.I could smell onions cooking.
b.I smelt onions cooking.
c.I was smelling onions cooking.(Impossible)
(我当时闻到煮洋葱的味道。)
13)a.I could taste sugar in the coffee.
b.I tasted sugar in the coffee.
c.I was tasting sugar in the coffee.(Impossible)
(我尝出了咖啡里已放了糖。)
14)a.I could feel something soft under my foot.
b.I felt something soft under my foot.
c.I was feeling something soft under my foot.(Impossible)
(我当时感到脚底下有个软东西。)
15)a.I find the bed quite comfortable.
b.I am finding the bed quite comfortable.(Impossible)
(我发觉这张床相当舒服。)
16)a.Did you notice her hands shaking?
b.Were you noticing her hands shaking?(Impossible)
(你有没有注意到她的双手在抖动?)
(3)这类动词中仅有see和hear两个动词用于被动语态,表示“能见性”(visibility)或“可听性”(audibility)的概念,也可以用相应的形容词visible或audible来表示,例如:
17)a.You/One can(still)see the scar on his chin.
b.The scar can(still) be seen on his chin.
c.The scar is(still) visible on his chin.
d.The scar(still) shows on his chin.
e.His chin(still) shows/bears the scar.(你可以看到他的下巴有个伤疤。)
18)a.You/One can see the fracture quite clearly on the X ray.
b.The fracture can be/is quite clearly seen on the X ray.
c.The fracture is quite visible on the X ray.
d.The fracture shows/is shown quite clearly on the X ray.
e.The X ray shows the fracture quite clearly.
(在X光片上可相当清楚地看见骨折。)
19)a.Make sure other motorists can see you.
b.Make sure you are visible to other motorists.
(一定要让其他开车的人都看见你。)
20)a.These sounds could be heard clearly.
b.These sounds were clearly audible.
(当时可以清楚地听见这些声音。)
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